Vol 13, No 2 (2019): November

UNICEF mentioned that the main causes of under-five mortality are; pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and malnutrition. The incidence of pneumonia in children under-five in Indonesia in 2016 increased by 65.27% from the previous year. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors that influence the incidence of pneumonia in infants. The type of this study was analytical observational research with the case-control design used secondary data from medical records from January to December 2019 and primary data from direct interviews. The subject of this study were 94 toddlers with a purposive random sampling technique. Data analysis used a chi-square test followed by logistic regression. The results showed that pneumonia was most prevalent among children under five with risky toddlers (66.0%), history of non-risk birth weight (83.0%), toddlers who received exclusive breastfeeding (57.4%), toddlers who had received complete basic immunization (80.9%), mothers of children under five with basic education (63.8%), toddlers who had a family history of smoking (70.2%), parents (father/ mother) of toddlers who had a history of asthma (51, 1%), and toddlers who had received vitamin A (83.0%). Factors related to pneumonia in children under five were the age factor of the toddler (p-value: 0.038; 95% CI: 1.134-6.033), the last education of the mother (p-value: 0.002; 95% CI: 1.755-9,860), family smoking history (p-value: 0.036; 95% CI: 1,147-6,254), and a history of parent’s asthma (p-value: 0,000; 95% CI: 2,338-18,344). Age of toddler, mother's education level, family smoking history, and history of parental asthma were factors that influence the incidence of pneumonia in infants. The history of parent’s asthma was the most influential factor.

Iron deficiency anemia has become an important issue not only at the global level but even internationally. Iron supplementation is chosen as a solution to overcome iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The choice of iron as a solution has a negative effect because iron can initiate oxidative stress which is bad for health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of supplementing Fe and beetroot juice in the treatment of anemia in pregnant female rats. This research was an experimental study with a Randomized Posttest Only Control Group Design. The sample used was 20 pregnant female rats. The variables of this study were erythrocytes counts and hemoglobin levels. Statistical testing used the One-way ANOVA test. The mean of erythrocytes counted in the beetroot juice group of beetroot 3.6 gr /BW was able to compensate for the average of erythrocytes counts in the Fe supplementation group 1.08 mg/BW, followed by the group of 1.8g/BW beetroot juice. The average analysis of beetroot juice 3.6 gr/BW had no difference with the supplementation of Fe 1.08 mg/BW. This fact shows that the administration of 3.6 gr/BW beetroot juice was as effective as the supplementation of Fe 1.08 mg/BW in increasing hemoglobin levels. Beetroot juice was proven as an alternative product for handling anemia during pregnancy.

Achieving the target of exclusive breastfeeding for babies tends to decrease from year to year. This is a threat to children's development. Various efforts have been made, but do not have sufficient leverage to improve the knowledge and attitudes of mothers. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of education with the methods emo-demo on the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in the third trimester of exclusive breastfeeding in the health center of Denpasar. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent group design, carried out in Denpasar Public Health Center working area from May until October 2018. The technique was using purposive sampling with a sample size of 40 respondents in both the treatment group using the emo-demo method and control group using the conventional counseling method with Maternal and Child Health book. Statistical tests used the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test.  The comparison result of knowledge between control and treatment group was -3.758; p-value: 0.000.  The comparison result of attitudes between control and treatment group was -3.601; p-value: 0.000. Education using the emo-demo method was able to improve the knowledge and attitudes of third-trimester pregnant women in exclusive breastfeeding compared to education with conventional counseling according to the MCH book standards. Emo-demo method was more effective to increase knowledge and attitudes of third-trimester pregnant women in giving education about exclusive breastfeeding.

Background : Stunting is a problem that is being the focus of the government in Indonesia to be handled. Stunting is a result of chronic malnutrition which causes various long-term and short-term problems. If it occurs in stunting children, it can cause developmental disorders including subtle movements, rough motion, speech and language, and social independence. In Yogyakarta the highest incidence of stunting was in Gunungkidul Regency in the working area of ​​the Puskesmas Gedangsari II. This study examines whether there was a correlation between stunting and the development of children aged 24-60 months. Objective : To determine the correlation between stunting and the development of children aged 24-60 months in the working area of ​Puskesmas ​Gedangsari II, Gunungkidul Regency in 2019. Methods : This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study were children aged 24-60 months and their mothers who came to the Posyandu in the working area of ​​the Puskesmas Gedangsari II with a total of 52 samples that met the criteria. The instrument used was KPSP (Pre Screening Development Questionnaire) according to the age of the child. Analysis of univariable and bivariable data that used chi-square with significance level p <0.05 and 95% CI. Results : Based on the results of the bivariable analysis showed a correlation between stunting and the development of children aged 24-60 months (p = 0.017). Conclusion : There was a correlation between stunting and the development of children aged 24-60 months in the working area of Puskesmas ​​Gedangsari II, Gunungkidul Regency.

Depression and anxiety in early pregnancy are associated with the risk of pre-eclampsia. Anxiety management can be a variety of ways, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy like non-pharmacological therapies such as five- finger hypnosis and foot-soaking therapy. This study aims to determine differences in anxiety levels in five-finger hypnosis and foot-soaking therapy in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. The study design used pre-experimental. Sampling techniques used cluster sampling with 120 respondents with the characteristics of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia who underwent treatment at the health center in the Besuki Raya. The instrument for measuring maternal anxiety used the Hamilto Rating Scale for Anxiety. Data analysis used an independent t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the Independent T-test stated that there was a difference between the average anxiety of the respondents who carried out five-finger hypnosis interventions and foot-soaking interventions {t= (-8.485); p= 0.0001; 95% CI= (-5.838) - (-3.629)}. The average anxiety of mothers with pre-eclampsia after a five-finger hypnosis intervention (Mean different= 5.60) or foot soak (Mean different=1.17) states the lowest average anxiety was after a five-finger hypnosis intervention. Intervention hypnosis five fingers and a foot soak is a complementary therapy that has many benefits, and there are no harmful side effects

Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) is a center of community activities where the community can simultaneously obtain family planning and health services including nutrition, immunization, Maternal and Child Health (MCH), and diarrhea prevention. Posyandu services are greatly supported by the role of cadres. Therefore, the role of cadres is needed to accelerate the reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates. The purpose of conducting this research is to find the role of posyandu cadres in health posyandu services. This study was qualitative research. Research respondents are informants were divided into two, namely the main informant consisting of 6 informants (as posyandu cadres) and 1 supporting informant (as health worker). Data collection techniques used by Focus Group Discussion. Posyandu cadres have implemented the principle of 5 tables when posyandu activities are taking place. In addition, the cadres also routinely attend training on the roles and duties of cadres in carrying out posyandu, so the cadres are able to provide basic health services, in order to accelerate the reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of the 6 aspects of the role of posyandu cadres has been well implemented in the Posyandu of Jembayan Village. 

Measles is a dangerous disease that is highly contagious through respiratory droplets. Measles can cause complications such as pneumococcal disease, diarrhea, meningitis. Measles immunization is one of the government's efforts to achieve the measles elimination target by 2020. High and even immunization coverage will form herd immunity and break the chain of measles transmission. The purpose of this study was to know the factors that influence parent's actions in providing immunization measles children in primary school. The research was conducted with a case-control design. The number of samples consisted of 104 case groups and 78 control groups of mothers who have primary school children in the area of ​​Banguntapan Public Health Center, Bantul. Data collected with questionnaires analyzed with Chi-Square and multivariate tests. Variables related to the provision of advanced measles immunization are education level (p-value = 0.03), work status (p-value = 0.01), level of knowledge (p-value = 0.01), family support (p-value = 0, 01) and support of health workers (p-value = 0.01) Whereas unrelated variables are attitude (p-value = 0.17) and the reach of health facilities (p-value = 1.00).The variable that most influences the actions of the parent’s in giving advanced immunization against measles are family support with OR = 15,458. Related factors are the level of education, work status, level of knowledge, family support, and support of health workers. The most influential factor in the actions of parents in providing continued immunization against measles was family support.

Stunting is associated with the increased risk of sickness and death, slow motoric development, and the delay of mental growth. Stunting can lead to delays in motoric systems development, whether in normal children or in people with a certain disease. The decreased motor function in stunting children without congenital abnormalities related to the low mechanical capability of triceps muscles due to the slow development of muscle function. This research was conducted to know the difference in motor development of stunting and non-stunting in toddlers in the service area of Sentolo I Public Health Centre (PHC), Kulon Progo. This research uses analytical methods of observational with Cross-Sectional Study design. The subjects of this study are 110 stunting and non-stunting children. The samples were taken with consecutive sampling techniques. Methods of data used questionnaires and direct measurement using the height measuring instruments and Denver II sheets. The analysis applies to the chi-squared test. The results show 71.7% of children with stunting in the suspect category on fine motor development, 60.4% of the children with stunting in the suspect category on gross motor development. The results of the statistical test show the score of p-value 0.016 for children in the suspect category on fine motor development and p-value 0.014 for children in the suspect category on gross motor development. The p-value score is < 0.05, meaning there is a significant difference in motoric development stunting and non-stunting children in the service area of Sentolo I PHC, Kulon Progo.

Dysmenorrhea is an excessive disorder during menstruation which causes women to recover or engage in activities which results in increased ability and affects academic and social activities. In non-pharmacology, yoga exercises can increase the endorphin hormone in the body so that it can reduce pain during menstruation. And vitamin E has a role in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, while prostaglandin is associated with the onset of pain when attacked. The purpose of this research was to learn how yoga exercises and the provision of vitamin E to reduce dysmenorrhea in the female. This type of research was pre-experimental with two groups of pretest-posttest design. The population of this research was all of the S-1 female students of the Health Promotion Program at the Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang with a sample of 32 people. Data was collected by filling in the numerical rating scale. Data analysis using dependent T-Test and independent T-Test. The results of the independent T-Test were obtained on average before and after yoga practice (mean=1.438, t=11.223, p= 0.00) and after the provision vitamin E (mean=2.688, t=17.885, p= 0.00).  The results of the dependent T-Test were obtained on yoga practice and the provision vitamin E (p= 0.039). The conclusions in this research are yoga exercises and the provision of vitamin E are equally effective in reducing dysmenorrhea. But, the provision of vitamin E has more effective in reducing dysmenorrhea compared to yoga exercises. By this research, sufferers can use Vitamin E as an alternative in reducing dysmenorrhea.

HIV infection has become one of the complications of pregnancy that often occurs. Efforts to minimize this risk are HIV testing and counseling services on the initiative of health workers or Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC). This study analyzes the determinant factors of pregnant women's interest in utilizing PITC services. This research used a quantitative approach combined with a qualitative approach (Mixed Method). The research conducted in Depok II Public Health Center (PHC), Sleman Regency. Data analysis techniques were using Chi-Square, multiple logistic regression, and content analysis. This study shows that there is no correlation between the level of knowledge (p=0.214), stigma and discrimination against HIV/AIDS (p=0.536), the support of husband (p=0.092), and the support of health workers (p=0.161) with the interest of pregnant women in utilizing PITC services. There is a relationship between attitude (p=0.000), needs (p=0.002), and belief (p=0.004) with the interest of pregnant women in utilizing PITC services. The result of multiple logistic tests stated that attitude was the determines (p= 0.000, 95% CI= 0.036-0.393). The results of the quantitative data analysis showed that the majority of husband support was in a good category (56.6, and the majority of health workforce support was in a good category (77.1%). The attitude was the most determining factor of the interest of pregnant women in utilizing PITC services.