Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Balance Exercises To Improve Muscle Strength In Elderly People At Risk Of Falls: Literature Review

KIBITIA MAHU; Sitti Johri Nasela; Masrikat Maya Diana Claartje; Nur Baharia Marasabessy; Joula Timisela

doi:10.29238/ichs.v12i1.3028

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Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Balance Exercises To Improve Muscle Strength In Elderly People At Risk Of Falls: Literature Review

KIBITIA MAHU POLTEKKES KEMENKES MALUKU, Indonesia Correspondence mahukibitia@gmail.com

Sitti Johri Nasela POLTEKKES KEMENKES MALUKU, Indonesia Correspondence sitti.johri@gmail.com

Masrikat Maya Diana Claartje POLTEKKES KEMENKES MALUKU, Indonesia Correspondence masrikat0412@gmail.com

Nur Baharia Marasabessy POLTEKKES KEMENKES MALUKU, Indonesia Correspondence nurbaharia@poltekkes-maluku.ac.id

Joula Timisela POLTEKKES KEMENKES MALUKU, Indonesia Correspondence joulatimisela@gmail.com

Abstract

Falls pose a serious threat to the health and independence of older adults over 60 and are a leading cause of death in this age group. Approximately 25-38% of older adults over 65 are at risk of falling, with approximately one-third experiencing serious injuries such as hip fractures or head trauma. Falls in older adults are influenced by various factors, including gait disturbances, leg muscle strength, joint stiffness, and dizziness, as well as external factors such as slippery floors or poor lighting. These conditions interfere with daily activities and reduce the quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balance training in improving muscle strength in older adults at risk of falling. A literature review used articles and journals from the Google Scholar database from 2020 to 2025, using the keywords: balance training AND fall risk AND older adults. Six reviewed journals reported that various forms of balance training, such as Otago exercises, tandem walking, single-leg standing, and ankle strategy training, are effective in improving balance and reducing fall risk in older adults. These exercises, particularly the Otago Exercise Program, which combines strengthening, balance, and walking exercises, work by increasing lower-extremity muscle strength, improving neuromuscular control, and enhancing postural recovery strategies, ultimately reducing the risk of falls. Overall, regular balance training interventions are recommended as a simple yet effective way to optimise muscle function, enhance coordination, improve posture, and enhance quality of life and independence in older adults.

Keywords :

Balance training risk of falls elderly muscle strength

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How to Cite This

MAHU, K., Johri Nasela, S., Diana Claartje, M. M., Marasabessy, N. B., & Timisela, J. (2026). Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Balance Exercises To Improve Muscle Strength In Elderly People At Risk Of Falls: Literature Review. International Conference on Health Sciences, 12(1), 01–10. https://doi.org/10.29238/ichs.v12i1.3028