Abstract

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains relatively high. Various consequences can arise due to stunting, including impaired cognitive development in children, suboptimal school performance, and potential long-term impacts on women during adulthood. Diarrhea is identified as one of the triggers for stunting, often caused by insufficient parental supervision and inadequate Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) and Complementary Feeding (CF) practices. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between diarrhea occurrence and stunting among toddlers aged 24-59 months. The research employed an observational analysis design using a case-control approach. Sample selection was done through purposive Sampling, involving criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The total sample size was 130 individuals, comprising 65 case samples and 65 control samples. The study was conducted at Dlingo II, Pajangan, and Imogiri II Public Health Centers in Bantul Regency in 2021. Secondary data from registers and medical records were utilized. Data analysis involved the use of the chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). The majority of stunted toddlers were male, had low birth weight, a history of exclusive breastfeeding, and a history of complementary feeding for less than six months. There was a significant relationship between diarrhea and stunting incidence (p=0.023) with an OR value of 3.335 (1.625-6.844). This implies that toddlers with a history of recurrent diarrhea are three times more likely to experience stunting. There is a significant association between diarrhea occurrence and stunting among toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of Bantul Regency.

There is no Figure or data content available for this article

References

• Modern, G., Sauli, E. & Mpolya, E. Correlates of diarrhea and stunting among under-five children in Ruvuma, Tanzania; a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Sci. African 8, 1–9 (2020).
• Akombi, B. J. et al. Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatr. 17, 1–16 (2017).
• Nkurunziza, S., Meessen, B., Van, J. & Korachais, C. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among Burundian children aged 6-23 months?: evidence from a national cross-sectional household survey , 2014. 1–15 (2017) doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0929-2.
• Tafesse, T., Yoseph, A., Mayiso, K. & Gari, T. Factors associated with stunting among children aged 6 – 59 months in Bensa District , Sidama Region , South Ethiopia?: unmatched case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 1–11 (2021) doi:10.1186/s12887-021-03029-9.
• Sinrang, W. & Hadju, V. Hubungan Riwayat Ispa, Riwayat Diare, dan Riwayat Malaria dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Baduta Usia 6-24 Bulan di Kelurahan Kelapa Lima Kabupaten Merauke Papua. J. Ilm. Indones. 7, (2022).
• United Nation Children Fund/World Health Organitation. Levels and trends in child malnutrition UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Key findings of the 2021 edition. World Heal. Organ. 1–32 (2021).
• Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2021).
• Islam, M. S., Zafar Ullah, A. N., Mainali, S., Imam, M. A. & Hasan, M. I. Determinants of stunting during the first 1,000 days of life in Bangladesh: A review. Food Sci. Nutr. 8, 4685–4695 (2020).
• Liang, Y., Zhang, L., Zeng, L., Gordon, M. & Wen, J. Racecadotril for acute diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2019, (2019).
• Desyanti, C. & Nindya, T. S. Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Diare dan Praktik Higiene dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simolawang, Surabaya. Amerta Nutr. 1, 243 (2017).
• Prawati, D. D. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Diare Di Tambak Sari, Kota Surabaya. J. PROMKES 7, 34 (2019).
• Ikua, Muriithi David, John Obwa, W. & Japhan Omoke, K. Environmental Risk Factors Influencing Diarrheal Occurrence among Children Under Five Years Old in Informal Urban Settlements: A Case Study of Korogocho, in Nairobi County, Kenya. Sch. J. Arts, Humanit. Soc. Sci. 9, 19–30 (2021).
• Thurstans, S. et al. Boys are more likely to be undernourished than girls?: a systematic analysis of sex review and meta- ­ differences in undernutrition. (2020) doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004030.
• Banchonhattakit, P., Pisey, V. & Laohasiriwong, W. The association of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia. F1000Research 9, 1–30 (2021).
• Anteneh, Z. A., Andargie, K. & Tarekegn, M. Prevalence and determinants of acute diarrhea among children younger than five years old in Jabithennan District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014. BMC Public Health 17, 1–8 (2017).
• Sinaga, T. R., Purba, S. D., Simamora, M., Pardede, J. A. & Dachi, C. Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Batita. J. Ilm. Permas J. Ilm. STIKES Kendal 11, 493–500 (2021).
• Khan, S., Zaheer, S. & Safdar, N. F. Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: Evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health 19, 1–15 (2019).
• Suhartin, P. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan: Factors That Are Related To Stunting Events In South Konawe District. J. Ilm. Kebidanan (Scientific J. Midwifery) 6, 95–104 (2020).
• Dranesia, A., Wanda, D. & Hayati, H. Pressure to eat is the most determinant factor of stunting in children under 5 years of age in Kerinci region, Indonesia. Enferm. Clin. 29, 81–86 (2019).
• Hadi, H. et al. Exclusive breastfeeding protects young children from stunting in a low?income population: A study from eastern indonesia. Nutrients 13, 1–14 (2021).
• Sutriyawan, A., Kurniawati, R. D., Rahayu, S. & Habibi, J. Hubungan Status Imunisasi Dan Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita: Studi Retrospektif. J. Midwifery 8, 1–9 (2020).
• Fitriami, E. & Huriah, T. Determinan kejadian Stunting pada Anak di Indonesia?: A Literature Review. J. Smart Keperawatan 6, 113 (2019).
• Nurlita Putri, Simbolon, D. & Kusdalinah. Meta Analisis: Pengaruh Pemberian MP-ASI Terhadap Kejadian Stunting. J. Indones. community Nutr. 11 No.2,20, 1–9 (2022).
• Putri, A. P. & Rong, J. R. Parenting functioning in stunting management: A concept analysis. J. Public health Res. 10, 213–219 (2021).
• Sanin, K. I. et al. Micronutrient adequacy is poor , but not associated with stunting between 12-24 months of age?: A cohort study findings from a slum area of Bangladesh. 1–17 (2018).
• Moradi, S. et al. Food Insecurity and the Risks of Under-nutrition Complications among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrition (2018) doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.029.
• Binte, N., Id, A., Tahsina, T. & Hoque, D. E. Association of food security and other socio- economic factors with dietary diversity and nutritional statuses of children aged 6-59 months in rural Bangladesh. Matern. Child Heal. Div. (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh 1–18 (2019).
• Samsuddin, N. A., Isaura, E. R. & Sumarmi, S. Relationship of Former History of Diarrhea and Sanitation With the Prevalence of Stunting Among Children Aged 1–5 Years in Sidotopo Wetan, Surabaya. Media Gizi Indones. 16, 248 (2021).
• Chyntithia, L. G. Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Diara Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. J. Med. Hutama 03, 1723-1725 p (2021).
• Rukambile, E., Sintchenko, V., Muscatello, G., Kock, R. & Alders, R. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 66, 562–578 (2019).
• Irawan, A. & Hastuty, H. S. B. Kualitas Fisik Air, Kejadian Diare Dengan Stunting Pada Balita di Puskesmas Arso Kota. J. Kesehat. Komunitas 8, 130–134 (2022).
• Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R. I., Ehiri, J. E., Arikpo, D., Meremikwu, M. M. & Critchley, J. A. Hand-washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2021, 8 (2021).
• Fenta, A., Alemu, K. & Angaw, D. A. Prevalence and associated factors of acute diarrhea among under-five children in Kamashi district, western Ethiopia: Community-based study. BMC Pediatr. 20, 1–7 (2020).
• Duri Kartika, C. Faktor Lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Diare pada balita di Puskesmas Batang – Bantang Kabupaten Sumenep. Progr. Stud. Keperawatan Univ. Wiraraja 16, 1–37 (2019).
• Lestari, M. Kontribusi Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Diare dan Hubungannya terhadap Kejadian Stunting. Indones. J. Public Heal. Nutr. 1, 101–113 (2021).
• Humphrey, J. H. et al. Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Glob. Heal. 7, e132–e147 (2019).

There is no Supplemental content for this article.

How to Cite This

Article Metrics

Copyright and Permissions

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publishing your paper with Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak means that the author or authors retain the copyright in the paper. Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak granted an exclusive reuse license by the author(s), but the author(s) are able to put the paper onto a website, distribute it to colleagues, give it to students, use it in your thesis etc, even commercially. The author(s) can reuse the figures and tables and other information contained in their paper published by Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak in future papers or work without having to ask anyone for permission, provided that the figures, tables or other information that is included in the new paper or work properly references the published paper as the source of the figures, tables or other information, and the new paper or work is not direct at the private monetary gain or commercial advantage.

Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets others remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Open Access articles are distributed under this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). Articles can be read and shared for All purposes under the following conditions:

• BY: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• SA:  If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Data Availability