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Red ginger nanoparticles reduce menstrual pain and improved hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls

Yulia Ayuningsih Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia Correspondence yuliaayu567@gmail.com
,
Supriyadi Supriyadi Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia Correspondence priex76@yahoo.com
,
Sri Sumarni Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia Correspondence srisumarnimmid@gmail.com
Pages 10-21
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Abstract

Anemia, defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels <12 g/dL in adolescent girls, is frequently exacerbated by menstrual blood loss and primary dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea can increase iron depletion and impair daily functioning, highlighting the need for dual-action interventions that increase hemoglobin levels while reducing menstrual pain. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) contains bioactive compounds such as gingerol, flavonoids, vitamin C, and iron, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and hematinic properties and may be enhanced through nanoparticle formulation to improve absorption and therapeutic efficiency. This study aimed to determine whether red ginger nanoparticles improve hemoglobin levels and reduce primary dysmenorrhea intensity among anemic adolescent girls. A true experimental pre–post controlled design was conducted among 30 adolescent girls with mild anemia (Hb 11.0–11.9 g/dL), normal menstrual cycles (21–35 days, duration 3–7 days), and no history of chronic diseases, allergies to herbal preparations, or concurrent iron supplementation. This research was conducted at the Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang in April-May 2025. Participants were randomized into two groups (n=15 each). The intervention group received iron tablets (60 mg, once daily) plus red ginger nanoparticles (500 mg, two capsules, three times daily; total 3 g/day) for 14 days, while the control group received iron tablets alone. Pain intensity was measured using a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and hemoglobin levels were assessed using a calibrated digital hemoglobin analyzer following standard operating procedures. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests with significance at p<0.05. The intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin levels from 11.3±0.3 g/dL to 14.7±0.4 g/dL (mean difference +3.4 g/dL), compared with 11.3±0.3 g/dL to 12.8±0.4 g/dL in the control group (+1.5 g/dL; p<0.001). Pain scores decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with controls, with effect sizes indicating a large magnitude of change. Red ginger nanoparticles resulted in significantly greater improvements than iron supplementation alone in both biochemical and clinical outcomes. Red ginger nanoparticles were effective in improving hemoglobin levels and reducing menstrual pain among adolescents with mild anemia, offering a promising complementary, non-pharmacological intervention for reproductive health management in this population.

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How to Cite This

Ayuningsih, Y., Supriyadi, S., & Sumarni, S. (2025). Red ginger nanoparticles reduce menstrual pain and improved hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls. Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak, 19(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.29238/kia.v19i1.2901

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