DAMPAK SUPLEMENTASI MIKRONUTRIEN TERHADAP KENAIKAN BERAT DAN PANJANG BADAN ANAK GAGAL TUMBUH DI WILAYAH PESISIR SEMARANG

Abstract

ABSTRACT
According to Unicef report and several studies, its shows that complementary food breast milk made
at the household level tends to lack vitamins and minerals (vitamin A, Zn, and iron) which contribute
to children’s growth. Quality of complementary food for breast milk, micronutrients deficiencies are
determining factor’s for Baduta’s failure to grow. . The research objective is to determine the effect of
micronutrient supplementation on body weight and length of children failing to thrive in the Semarang
Coastal Area. This type of research is Quacy Experimental with a pretest posttest group design.
Subjects have been kids aged 12-23 months with weight gain throughout two months of observation
at the fifth percentile of the WHO standard. The number of subjects was 72 non probability sampling
used to be then divided into three intervention groups, namely: Zn syrup supplementation 10 mg,
supplementation of iron syrup 7.5 mg + vitamin B complex, and supplementation of Zn syrup 10 mg
and iron syrup 7.5 mg + vitamin B complex. The intervention was once given for two months. The
variables measured had been body weight and length, adequacy of macronutrients. The research
instruments consisted of digital scales, an infantometer/microtoice, questionnaires, recall forms,
nutrisurvey Statistical using Paired T-Test, Pearson Product Moment. Average weight gain over the
two months of the study Zn group 0.34 ± 0.45 kg, iron+Vitamin B complex group 0.60 ± 0.73 kg, and
Zn group with iron+Vitamin B complex
0.58 ± 0, 49 kg. The increase in body length of all intervention groups was > 1 cm. Test Paired
T-Test there were significant differences in body weight and length before and after the
intervention of all intervention groups (p<0.05). The Pearson Product Moment test found that the
level of energy adequacy played a role in determining weight gain (p<0.05) in all intervention
groups. The level of adequacy of macronutrients was not associated with an increase in body
length (p>0.05) Micronutrient supplementation affects body weight and body length.
Micronutrients contribute to body weight, but not to body length. It is recommended that Baduta’s
mother’s education regarding feeding, can be accompanied by supplementation of Z, iron.

ABSTRAK
Berdasarkan llaporan UNICEF dan beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MP – ASI yang dibuat di
tingkat rumah tangga cenderung kekurangan vitamin dan mineral (vitamin A, Zn dan Fe) yang
berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan anak. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh
suplementasi mikronutrien terhadap berat berat dan panjang badan anak gagal tumbuh di Wilayah
Pesisir Semarang Jenis penelitian adalah Quacy Experimental dengan Pretest Postest Group Design.
Subyek adalah anak usia 12 – 23 bulan dengan kenaikan berat badannya selama 2 bulan
pengamatan < persentil ke-5 standar WHO. Jumlah subyek 72 yang terpilih secara non probability
sampling, kemudian dibagi dalam 3 kelompok intervensi yaitu: suplementasi sirup Zn 10 mg,
suplementasi sirup Fe 7,5 mg + Vitamin B kompleks, dan suplementasi sirup Zn 10 mg dan sirup Fe
7,5 mg + vitamin B kompleks. Intervensi diberikan selama 2 bulan. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat
dan panjang badan, kecukupan zat gizi makronutrien. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari timbangan
digital, infantometer/microtoice, kuesioner, form recall, nutrisurvey Uji statistik menggunakan Paired
T-Test, Pearson Product Moment. Rerata pertambahan berat badan selama 2 bulan penelitian
kelompok Zn 0,34 ± 0,45 kg, kelompok Fe+Vitamin B kompleks 0,60 ± 0,73 kg, dan kelompok Zn
dengan Fe+Vitamin B kompleks 0,58 ± 0,49 kg. Kenaikan panjang badan semua kelompok intervensi
> 1 cm. Uji Paired T-Test ada perbedaan bermakna berat dan panjang badan sebelum dan setelah
intervensi semua kelompok intervensi (p<0,05). Uji Pearson Product Moment menemukan tingkat
kecukupan energi turut berperan menentukan kenaikan berat badan (p<0,05) pada semua kelompok
intervensi. Tingkat kecukupan makronutrien tidak berhubungan dengan kenaikan panjang badan
(p>0,05). Suplementasi mikronutrien mempengaruhi berat badan dan panjang badan. Makronutrien
memberikan kontribusi terhadap berat badan, tetapi tidak terhadap panjang badan. Disarankan
edukasi ibu Baduta terkait pemberian makanan, dapat disertai dengan suplementasi Zn, Fe.