HUBUNGAN ASUPAN PROTEIN, NATRIUM-KALIUM, AIR DAN KADAR UREUM TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PASIEN HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT MEDIKA BSD

Abstract

ABSTRACT
According to the 2018 Indonesian Renal Registry, around 499 million Indonesians have CKD and
require dialysis. This study aims to analyze the intake of protein, sodium-potassium, water and
urea levels on the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. This study is a cross-sectional study,
conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. The research subjects were 46 hemodialysis
patients at Medika BSD Hospital, taken by purposive sampling. Data in the form of subject
characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, urea level) and nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat,
carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, total water intake, water intake level). Anthropometric
measurements were performed by trained enumerators. Analysis using Microsoft Office Excel and
SPSS, with Pearson's correlation test. Most of the subjects were 40-49 years old, 67.4% male,
had a body weight of 59.7±12.2 kg, height 161.2±10.5 cm, and urea levels 158.5±39.5 mg/dL.
There was a relationship between sodium and urea levels, the higher the sodium intake, the lower
the urea level (p<0.1). There was a relationship between sodium intake and water intake, the
higher the sodium intake, the higher the water intake (p<0.05). There was a relationship between
urea levels and nutritional status (p<0.05), the higher of urea levels, it means the less of nutritional
status. There was a relationship between protein and nutritional status (p<0.1), the higher of
protein, it show’s the adequate nutritional status. This study did not found a significant relationship
between protein, sodium, potassium, and water intake on urea levels. However, nutrition and
hydration education for CKD patients is required through simple and easy IEC (communication,
information, and education) media.

ABSTRAK
Menurut Indonesian Renal Registry 2018 sekitar 499 juta penduduk Indonesia mengalami GGK
dan membutuhkan tindakan dialisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis asupan protein,
natrium-kalium, air dan kadar ureum terhadap status gizi pada pasien hemodialisa. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian cross-sectional, dilakukan bulan November 2019 hingga Februari 2020. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 46 pasien hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Medika BSD diambil secara
purposive sampling. Data berupa karakteristik subjek (usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, tinggi
badan, kadar ureum) dan asupan zat gizi (energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, natrium, kalium,
total asupan air, tingkat asupan air). Pengukuran antropometri dilakukan oleh enumerator terlatih.
Analisis menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel dan SPSS, dengan uji Pearson’s correlation.
Sebagian subjek berusia 40-49 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki 67.4%, memiiki berat badan
59.7±12.2 kg, tinggi badan 161.2±10.5 cm, dan kadar ureum 158.5±39.5 mg/dL. Terdapat
hubungan natrium dengan kadar ureum, semakin tinggi asupan natrium maka kadar ureumnya
semakin rendah (p<0.1). Terdapat hubungan antara asupan natrium dan asupan air, semakin
tinggi asupan natrium maka semakin tinggi asupan air (p<0.05). Terdapat hubungan kadar ureum
dan status gizi (p<0.05), semakin tinggi kadar ureum, semakin kurang status gizi. Terdapat
hubungan protein dan status gizi (p<0.1), semakin tinggi protein, semakin baik status gizi.
Penelitian ini belum menemukan hubungan siginifikan asupan protein, natrium, kalium dan air
terhadap kadar ureum. Serta, natrium-kalium dan air terhadap status gizi. Namun demikian,
diperlukan pendidikan gizi dan hidrasi untuk pasien GGK melalui media KIE (komunikasi,
Informasi, dan edukasi) yang sederhana dan mudah.