Analisis paparan kebisingan kereta api dan risiko gangguan kesehatan non-auditory di Kota Malang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v19i2.3445Keywords:
kebisingan kereta api, gangguan non-auditory, stres, gangguan tidur, tekanan darahAbstract
Kebisingan kereta api merupakan pencemaran lingkungan yang berpotensi memicu gangguan kesehatan non-auditory, seperti stres, gangguan tidur, dan peningkatan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan paparan kebisingan kereta api dengan gangguan non-auditory pada penduduk di Wilayah Zainal Zakse, Kelurahan Jodipan, Kota Malang. Menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, studi ini melibatkan 51 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Intensitas kebisingan diukur menggunakan Sound Level Meter, sedangkan tingkat stres, gangguan tidur, dan tekanan darah masing-masing diukur menggunakan DASS-21, PSQI, dan tensimeter. Analisis data dilakukan melalui uji Chi-Square dan Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh titik pengukuran melebihi baku mutu (>55 dBA), dengan 54,9% responden terpapar >8 jam/hari. Mayoritas responden mengalami gangguan tidur (60,8%) dan peningkatan tekanan darah (60,8%). Temuan menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara usia dengan gangguan tidur (p=0,024) serta lama paparan kebisingan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah (p=0,013). Disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan kereta api di lokasi penelitian telah melampaui ambang batas aman dan durasi paparan kebisingan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan tekanan darah masyarakat.
Analysis of railway noise exposure and the risk of non-auditory health disorders in Malang City
Abstract: Railway noise represents an environmental pollutant capable of inducing non-auditory health issues, including stress, sleep disturbance, and elevated blood pressure. This study aimed to analyze the association between railway noise exposure and non-auditory health disorders among residents in the Zainal Zakse area, Jodipan Village, Malang City. Employing an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, the study involved 51 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Noise intensity was measured using a Sound Level Meter, while stress levels, sleep quality, and blood pressure were assessed using the DASS-21, PSQI, and a sphygmomanometer, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Tests. Results revealed that noise levels across all measurement points exceeded environmental quality standards (>55 dBA), with 54,9% of respondents exposed for >8 hours/day. The majority experienced sleep disturbances (60.8%) and elevated blood pressure (60.8%). Significant associations were found between age and sleep disturbance (p=0.024), as well as exposure duration and blood pressure elevation (p=0.013). Conclusively, railway noise in the study area exceeds safety standards, and prolonged exposure duration significantly contributes to elevated blood pressure among residents.
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