Efektifitas ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) sebagai repellent nyamuk Aedes sp dalam bentuk lotion

Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, dengan 210.644 kasus dan 1.239 kematian tercatat pada minggu ke-43 tahun 2024. Pencegahan umumnya menggunakan repellent sintetis yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif alami yang lebih aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dalam bentuk lotion sebagai repellent nyamuk Aedes sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kemenkes Poltekkes Padang pada Januari–Juli 2025 menggunakan desain eksperimen semu (post-test only control group design). Sampel terdiri dari 600 ekor nyamuk Aedes sp yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kontrol (0%) serta perlakuan lotion dengan konsentrasi 6%, 12%, dan 18%. Lotion dioleskan pada lengan relawan, kemudian diamati jumlah nyamuk yang hinggap setiap 15 menit selama 2 jam. Hasil menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, semakin sedikit nyamuk yang hinggap. Rata-rata jumlah hinggapan pada konsentrasi 6% adalah 27 ekor, 12% sebanyak 22 ekor, dan 18% sebanyak 14 ekor, sedangkan kontrol 29 ekor. Efektivitas repellent berturut-turut mencapai 6,94%, 24,30%, dan 51,44%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan lotion ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis efektif sebagai repellent alami, terutama pada konsentrasi 18%.

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with 210,644 cases and 1,239 deaths reported in week 43 of 2024. Prevention generally relies on synthetic repellents, which pose health and environmental risks, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) extract in lotion form as a repellent against Aedes sp. mosquitoes. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, Poltekkes Padang, from January to July 2025, using a quasi-experimental design (post-test only control group). A total of 600 Aedes sp. mosquitoes were divided into four groups: control (0%) and treatments with lotion concentrations of 6%, 12%, and 18%. The lotion was applied to volunteers’ arms, and the number of mosquitoes landing was observed every 15 minutes for 2 hours. Results showed that higher concentrations reduced mosquito landings. The average number of landings was 27 at 6%, 22 at 12%, and 14 at 18%, compared to 29 in the control group. Repellent effectiveness reached 6.94%, 24.30%, and 51.44%, respectively. It can be concluded that lime peel extract lotion is effective as a natural repellent, particularly at 18% concentration