Kualitas mikrobiologis air bersih dan makanan pada layanan katering Asrama Haji Embarkasi "X”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v19i1.3156Keywords:
food safety, Clean water, microbiological quality, catering, Hajj dormitoryAbstract
Keamanan pangan bagi jemaah haji selama periode keberangkatan 1445 H/2024 rentan terhadap penyakit yang ditularkan melalui makanan akibat ketergantungan pada layanan katering terpusat di Asrama Haji “X”. Kualitas air bersih memainkan peran penting sebagai titik kendali potensial terhadap kontaminasi mikrobiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas mikrobiologis air bersih dan makanan sesuai dengan Peraturan Kementerian Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik cross-sectional dengan memanfaatkan data laboratorium sekunder dari Tim Pengendalian Risiko Lingkungan. Sebanyak 96 sampel makanan dan 45 sampel air diuji selama 10 periode, dengan memeriksa parameter Escherichia coli dan koliform total; semua sampel yang tidak memenuhi standar (TMS) menunjukkan hasil positif untuk koliform total tanpa adanya Escherichia coli. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan tabel kontingensi 2×2 dan uji chi-kuadrat (α = 0,05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 93,8% sampel makanan memenuhi standar (MS), sedangkan 60,0% sampel air memenuhi standar (40,0% TMS). Ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,001; rasio odds=10), yang menunjukkan bahwa air bersih 10 kali lebih mungkin tidak memenuhi standar dibandingkan makanan. Air bersih berperan sebagai titik kendali kritis dalam sistem katering. Penguatan praktik pengolahan air, distribusi, dan sanitasi sangat penting untuk memastikan kesehatan jemaah haji.
Abstract: Food safety for Hajj pilgrims during the 1445 H/2024 embarkation period is vulnerable to foodborne diseases due to reliance on centralized catering services at the "X" Hajj Dormitory. Clean water quality plays a crucial role as a potential microbiological contamination control point. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the microbiological quality of clean water and food according to Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. The study employed an analytical observational cross-sectional design using secondary laboratory data from the Environmental Risk Control Team. A total of 96 food samples and 45 water samples were tested over 10 periods, examining Escherichia coli and total coliform parameters, all non-compliant samples were positive for total coliform without Escherichia coli. Analysis was conducted using 2×2 contingency tables and chi-square tests (α = 0.05). Results showed that 93.8% of food samples met standards (MS), while 60.0% of water samples met standards (40.0% TMS). A significant association was found (p<0.001; odds ratio=10), indicating clean water was 10 times more likely to fail standards than food. Clean water serves as a critical control point in the catering system. Strengthening water treatment, distribution, and sanitation practices is essential to ensure Hajj pilgrims' health.
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